{"id":21449,"date":"2024-09-14T13:49:44","date_gmt":"2024-09-14T20:49:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/?p=21449"},"modified":"2024-09-14T13:49:45","modified_gmt":"2024-09-14T20:49:45","slug":"lessons-from-the-september-2024-heat-wave","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/lessons-from-the-september-2024-heat-wave\/","title":{"rendered":"Lessons from the September 2024 heat wave"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Rather than a whimper, summer in Southern California often goes out with a bang, with a heat wave around Labor Day. I\u2019m glad this one is over, as at my place it was 100-degrees or higher for nine days straight. But before putting it in the back of my mind, I want to note some observations and lessons in order to help interpret the results we see in our food gardens and manage next summer\u2019s heat waves, especially September ones.<br>September vs. June<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A couple characteristics distinguish heat waves in September (the end of summer) from those in June or early July (the beginning of summer). June or early July heat waves are felt mostly inland. The beaches usually remain hidden under fog while valleys are blazing at triple digits. In contrast, September heat waves affect our whole region from desert, mountain, valley, to coast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Also, the days are longer during June and early July, and so the same temperature will cause more damage there in early summer compared to September.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And plants are in different phases of growth in June and early July compared to September. Many fruit trees have just finished flowering and have small, new fruit growing in June and early July; small, new fruit are more sensitive to heat than bigger, mature fruit. Therefore, on the whole, fruit trees need more protection from heat in June and early July than they do in September, given the same heat conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, whereas a hot spell in June or early July marks only the beginning of the season of more potential high heat, September heat waves often finish with precipitous drops in temperatures and the beginning of our fall season. This year, the final day of heat was September 10 at 102, and then September 11 dropped to 89, September 12 was 84, September 13 was 85, and the meteorological forecasts are for temperatures in the 70s and 80s with possible rain showers for the next ten days.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is not unusual. After the heat wave of September 3-7, 2020, the temperature dropped from 99 on September 7 to 76 on September 8. Yes, a 23-degree drop in one day!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nevertheless, our entire months of September and October in Southern California can continue to be warm, even with hot spells beyond mid-September; however, after that time the sun is weaker and incapable of causing the damage it can in summer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Fruit vs. foliage<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The high temperature in this September 2024 heat wave was 114 in my yard, and it was 105 or higher for six days in a row. What I saw was that this damaged exposed fruit of tomatoes, peppers, avocados, apples, pears, pomegranates, and mangos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/sunburned-mango.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"627\" src=\"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/sunburned-mango.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21458\" style=\"width:501px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/sunburned-mango.jpg 800w, https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/sunburned-mango-480x376.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 800px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Sunburned mango on a friend&#8217;s tree.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Where I shaded fruit, the damage was null.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Shade vs. no shade<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With some shade cloth, no damage was seen on healthy avocado trees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/young-Reed-avocado-tree-no-sunburn-was-shaded.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"753\" src=\"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/young-Reed-avocado-tree-no-sunburn-was-shaded.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21454\" style=\"width:347px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/young-Reed-avocado-tree-no-sunburn-was-shaded.jpg 700w, https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/young-Reed-avocado-tree-no-sunburn-was-shaded-480x516.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 700px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">This young Reed avocado tree was protected by 30-percent shade cloth on the south and west sides and 60-percent overhead.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>But without shade cloth, even healthy avocado trees showed some sunburn, especially to new leaves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tropical plants vs. temperate plants<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We might think that plants from tropical or subtropical climates would be tougher in heat compared to plants from temperate climates, but that is not always the case. For example, during this heat wave, banana leaves showed some sun bleaching; in contrast, apple leaves did not.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/sun-bleached-leaves-banana.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"656\" src=\"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/sun-bleached-leaves-banana.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21465\" style=\"width:409px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/sun-bleached-leaves-banana.jpg 700w, https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/sun-bleached-leaves-banana-480x450.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 700px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Yellowing and browning on south sides of Dwarf Namwah banana leaves from high heat.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/apple-tree-not-sunburned.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"761\" src=\"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/apple-tree-not-sunburned.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21455\" style=\"width:359px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/apple-tree-not-sunburned.jpg 700w, https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/apple-tree-not-sunburned-480x522.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 700px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Apple tree with no damage to leaves.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Then again, guavas showed themselves to be very tough in heat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/young-guava-tough-in-heat.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"759\" src=\"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/young-guava-tough-in-heat.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21453\" style=\"width:358px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/young-guava-tough-in-heat.jpg 700w, https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/young-guava-tough-in-heat-480x520.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 700px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Young guava with no heat damage to leaves.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Mango leaves also showed themselves to be tough, tougher than avocado, banana, and litchi leaves. Even new (red) leaves on mango trees in my yard and elsewhere had almost no damage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/mango-new-flush-not-sunburned.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"613\" src=\"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/mango-new-flush-not-sunburned.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21457\" style=\"width:519px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/mango-new-flush-not-sunburned.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/mango-new-flush-not-sunburned-980x601.jpg 980w, https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/mango-new-flush-not-sunburned-480x294.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1000px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Heavy crop vs. light crop<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fruit trees with heavy crops incurred more damage than those with light crops, on average. I noticed this with avocados and litchis and pluots in particular. This happened mostly because the weight of the fruit bent down branches, which exposed the branches (and sometimes the fruit) to sunburn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/sunburned-Hass-branch-with-lots-of-fruit.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"705\" src=\"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/sunburned-Hass-branch-with-lots-of-fruit.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21456\" style=\"width:472px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/sunburned-Hass-branch-with-lots-of-fruit.jpg 900w, https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/sunburned-Hass-branch-with-lots-of-fruit-480x376.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 900px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Hass avocado branch sagging from heavy fruit was scorched in a friend&#8217;s orchard.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Trees with heavy crops need more of our attention going into a heat wave. Long before the heat, we should thin fruit or cut back the ends of laden branches that are bending to horizontal. Paint those branches. Shade them. Spray water on them to cool them during the heat. Whatever is practical in the situation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>What I would do the same<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I did a few things right and a few things wrong related to this heat wave. One thing I did right was <em>not<\/em> shade my zucchini plant. Shading it would have been a waste of time and resources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/zucchini-tough-in-heat.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"723\" src=\"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/zucchini-tough-in-heat.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21459\" style=\"width:445px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/zucchini-tough-in-heat.jpg 900w, https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/zucchini-tough-in-heat-480x386.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 900px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Zucchini plants can take heat.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The most important thing I did right was pay attention to the weather forecasts, notice the heat predicted, and irrigate all of my plants before it arrived.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I can\u2019t stress enough how effective this practice is: Irrigate <em>before<\/em> the heat starts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In past heat waves I\u2019ve made the mistake of waiting to water some plants during the heat, that is, after the heat has arrived and become high enough for plants to show stress. It allows for damage that a \u201cpre\u201d irrigation can prevent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you&#8217;re close to the beach, then heat will never get high enough to cause the kind of damage seen on the Hass avocado tree above, but your trees can still be stressed to a lesser extent by September heat waves, and pre-irrigation can prevent this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>What I would do differently<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One thing I messed up during this heat wave was my placement of shade and overhead sprinklers on certain plants. I forgot how southern the angle of the sun had already become at this time of year. I placed my protection too overhead whereas I should have placed it more on the south sides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Lamb-avocado-tree-heat-damage-south-side-overhead-sprinkler.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"836\" src=\"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Lamb-avocado-tree-heat-damage-south-side-overhead-sprinkler.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21468\" style=\"width:310px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Lamb-avocado-tree-heat-damage-south-side-overhead-sprinkler.jpg 600w, https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Lamb-avocado-tree-heat-damage-south-side-overhead-sprinkler-480x669.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 600px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">This Lamb avocado tree had a sprinkler overhead that was placed too far north so the south side of the canopy was not consistently wetted and as a result it got sunburned.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>When is a heat wave done?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The heat wave is over, right? In my yard, twenty miles inland, the days are down to the mid-80s. I was at the beach yesterday, and the onshore breeze was strong; the ocean water was even warmer than the air.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But damage from a heat wave continues to reveal itself for weeks after the air temperatures have dropped. Don\u2019t count your chickens just yet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fruit from certain trees might still drop, for example. After the July 2018 heat wave was finished and the temperature dropped on July 9, I saw no fruit drop on avocados. I thought I had pulled my trees through without fruit loss. But by July 25, lots of fruit was on the ground. In fact, my large Hass tree had shed a few hundred young avocados and was left holding zero.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I\u2019ll be watching my corn over these next few weeks. Some were tasseling during the heat, and I\u2019m pretty sure their pollen was killed. Will I still get some ears from the later bloomers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Your\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/supporting-the-yard-posts\/\">support<\/a>\u00a0keeps my Yard Posts coming and the ads away. Thank you.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>All of my Yard Posts are listed&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/list-of-yard-posts\/\">HERE<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rather than a whimper, summer in Southern California often goes out with a bang, with a heat wave around Labor Day. I\u2019m glad this one is over, as at my place it was 100-degrees or higher for nine days straight. But before putting it in the back of my mind, I want to note some [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":21481,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21449","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Lessons from the September 2024 heat wave - Greg Alder&#039;s Yard Posts: Southern California food gardening<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/lessons-from-the-september-2024-heat-wave\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lessons from the September 2024 heat wave - Greg Alder&#039;s Yard Posts: Southern California food gardening\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rather than a whimper, summer in Southern California often goes out with a bang, with a heat wave around Labor Day. 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