{"id":4184,"date":"2018-10-06T07:36:25","date_gmt":"2018-10-06T14:36:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/?p=4184"},"modified":"2021-12-31T09:16:35","modified_gmt":"2021-12-31T17:16:35","slug":"growing-broccoli-and-cauliflower-in-southern-california","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/growing-broccoli-and-cauliflower-in-southern-california\/","title":{"rendered":"Growing broccoli and cauliflower in Southern California"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Broccoli and cauliflower are a couple of my favorite vegetables to grow if only to watch my uncivilized children eat them. Aren\u2019t kids not even supposed to like broccoli? Mine eat the heads straight off the growing plant. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Planting broccoli and cauliflower in Southern California at the right time<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Growing broccoli and cauliflower for the kids is usually easy, as long as I plant at the right time. An ideal time is now, late September through early October. But I have planted successfully as early as August 1 (seeds sown near the solstice, on June 22).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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You can also sow and plant later. I live twenty miles from the ocean, so my latest planting can be as late as early March. If you’re next to the beach, you can plant broccoli and cauliflower into spring. However, for all of us, these later plantings usually don’t do as well as the late summer\/early fall window. The plants and heads often don’t get as big and flavorful, often there are more aphid problems, and watering can be a challenge if the spring is warm.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why is late September through early October an optimal planting time in Southern California? The air is warm but not hot, and the days are still long enough to feed the plants plentiful sunshine. The plants grow rapidly, getting up to a massive three feet in diameter by November when they start forming heads. Those large leaves fuel the growth of large broccoli and cauliflower heads.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Broccoli and cauliflower plants grow very well while young when it\u2019s warm, like the 80-degree temperatures of September, but they do not tolerate such warmth when they\u2019re old and it\u2019s time to form a head. This is why you can <\/span>start <\/span><\/i>them at the end of summer, but you can\u2019t start them in the spring. The timing is about what the temperature will be like when the plants mature. If the plants are started in spring, then they mature when the weather has warmed up too much: the head will be very small and burst into flowers rapidly.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Should you grow broccoli and cauliflower from seed or buy seedlings? I\u2019ll tell you what I usually do and why. <\/span>I sometimes start broccoli and cauliflower from seed in July or August, but it can be hard to stay on top of watering such baby plants in the summer so I often opt for buying that early set of plants as seedlings from a nursery in late September. In late September, it\u2019s much easier to start the second set of plants from seeds because the weather is milder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(See my post on “Starting brassica seeds in summer.”<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So I usually start some seeds and buy some seedlings at the same time, in late September. The seedlings<\/em> will give me heads first, starting around Thanksgiving. The seeds<\/em> will give me heads second, starting around late January. I’ll have broccoli and cauliflower to harvest on and off from Thanksgiving through winter and maybe into early spring, depending on the weather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Varieties<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I’ve never had a bad experience with a particular variety, but some I’ve grown successfully many times. The following varieties of broccoli have all grown well for me many times: Belstar, Premium Crop, Packman, and Green Comet. And the following cauliflower varieties have grown well for me many times: Snow Crown, Amazing Taste, Early Snowball, Cheddar.<\/span> Also, there is a purple variety of cauliflower called Graffiti that has always grown well for me. See Graffiti and other colorful cauliflowers in my post, “Cauliflower in colors.”<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Have you tried Romanesco? It grows exactly like broccoli and cauliflower, but it has a spectacular fractal form to its head. The taste is wonderful too. We usually roast it with a little olive oil, salt, and pepper.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Romanesco head forming.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Spacing<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I used to crowd my broccoli and cauliflower plants at just a foot and a half apart. They do okay at that spacing, but nowadays I spread them farther, at least the distance of my elbow to finger tips — that\u2019s closer to two feet. These plants get big, and they seem to appreciate the room to grow as grand as they can.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Protect broccoli and cauliflower plants for the first month<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are two major pests that might ruin your broccoli and cauliflower plants early on: rabbits and caterpillars. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Early fall is a time when the rains haven\u2019t arrived and there are few green leaves for rabbits to eat, except your luscious little broccoli and cauliflower leaves. Rabbits are elated you\u2019ve provided such food. They eat entire plants overnight.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I sometimes make little cages with poultry netting to protect my seedlings. The cages are one foot in diameter. After the plants outgrow the cages, they can sustain some rabbit damage and the rains likely have arrived to provide the rabbits alternative foods. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are also a few kinds of caterpillars (also called worms or loopers) that may appear on your plants\u2019 leaves. Sometimes they eat holes in the leaves at a rate that is faster than young plants can tolerate. Later, they may munch on and poop in your broccoli and cauliflower heads. Just keep your eye out for holes in leaves and pick the pests off.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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This caterpillar is on a small plant in a six-pack from the nursery.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Aphids on broccoli and cauliflower<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another challenge can be aphids. They are usually only a problem when the weather is warm. For example, last winter (2017-2018) was a warm one and aphids were more numerous than usual. I use one main method to keep aphids in check — blast the leaves with a jet of water from the hose every couple days if I notice aphid colonies forming. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Aphids on a young plant can stunt it’s growth even as ladybugs eat as many as they can.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Some aphids on an old leaf are no big deal, and you’ll often find some of them parasitized.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Other effective methods of managing aphids are row covers and insecticidal soaps. <\/span>(Read details about <\/span>dealing with aphids on broccoli and cauliflower in my post here<\/span><\/a>.)<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Watering broccoli and cauliflower<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the first couple months, make sure the young broccoli and cauliflower plants are getting consistent water so that they don\u2019t stress and slow their growth. If growth is slowed, the head in the end will be smaller. The best broccoli and cauliflower heads I ever get are in years with ample winter rains.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I like to keep a mulch beneath the plants to soak up and meter out the rains. Sometimes its compost, sometimes its wood chips. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Harvesting broccoli and cauliflower<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The life stages of broccoli and cauliflower are 90% the same. They grow large succulent leaves (which can be cooked and eaten like other greens, by the way) for a couple months until they are ready to bloom, at which point they form a head of tight flower buds right in the middle of the plant. The trick is harvesting this head when it is as big as possible, but before the compact flower buds begin to space out. To harvest right, you really need to be checking your plants every day around this time.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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‘Cheddar’ cauliflower: Harvest now! The florets are starting to space out.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Here is where broccoli and cauliflower diverge. With cauliflower, you get one head to harvest and the game is over, the plant will provide nothing else. With broccoli, however, you harvest the central head and then the plant begins to form small satellite heads.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

These peripheral broccoli florets taste exactly like the big central head, and the plant will continue making new ones as long as you continue harvesting them — until the weather warms up in spring and the florets burst into yellow flowers faster than you can harvest.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Then it\u2019s the bees\u2019 turn to eat.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Economics of growing broccoli and cauliflower<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Does it seem like a ripoff that you grow a cauliflower plant for a few months, dedicating a big patch of your garden to it, but only get one head to harvest? That\u2019s partly why buying a head of cauliflower at the grocery store costs a lot more than carrots. Because broccoli provides florets for months after the harvest of the central head, it is more economical.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(And homegrown broccoli can be<\/span> <\/span><\/i>surprisingly economical. Read my post on <\/span>the economics of homegrown broccoli here<\/span><\/a>.)<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But no head of broccoli or cauliflower from the grocery store stands up in taste and texture to one from the garden. Even if garden broccoli and cauliflower were ten times the expense, they\u2019d be worth the leap in eating pleasure. Please, spoil yourself this winter.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Or spoil your children, or spoil your spouse. The main reason I started growing broccoli was to provide my wife with her favorite vegetable. Here she is about ten years ago with a little harvest.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hey, that must be where our kids get it.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

All of my Yard Posts are listed HERE<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Broccoli and cauliflower are a couple of my favorite vegetables to grow if only to watch my uncivilized children eat them. Aren\u2019t kids not even supposed to like broccoli? Mine eat the heads straight off the growing plant. Planting broccoli and cauliflower in Southern California at the right time Growing broccoli and cauliflower for the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4186,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[46,115],"class_list":["post-4184","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vegetables","tag-broccoli","tag-cauliflower"],"yoast_head":"\nGrowing broccoli and cauliflower in Southern California - Greg Alder's Yard Posts: Southern California food gardening<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Keys to successful cauliflower and broccoli crops in Southern California, including varieties, watering, and harvesting.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gregalder.com\/yardposts\/growing-broccoli-and-cauliflower-in-southern-california\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Growing broccoli and cauliflower in Southern California - 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